Consequent to the Gen Z movement, former Chief Justice Sushila Karki (74) has become the interim Prime Minister of Nepal, making history as the nation’s first female PM. Karki had already set a precedent by becoming the first woman to serve as Chief Justice of Nepal. In this sense, she has achieved a double milestone—being the first woman to hold two of the country’s top five constitutional positions. Her impartial judgments and bold leadership undoubtedly paved the way for this achievement, though she is not without shortcomings.

As the chief executive, she committed two notable mistakes. First, she projected herself as the Prime Minister and made this public through foreign media, despite only being proposed by certain sections of the Gen Z movement. Second, during a hospital visit to the injured, she reacted emotionally and told one young victim that he had to “remove the ridge” of the policeman responsible for his injuries. Furthermore, in yesterday’s cabinet meeting, the government made a biased decision regarding the treatment of the families of policemen who succumbed to death. Her interpretation of the constitution on the issue of dissolving parliament has also come under question, as she had earlier denounced dissolution as unconstitutional, yet now she has done the same.

Nevertheless, this is not the right time to scrutinize the weaknesses of this cabinet. It deserves the benefit of the doubt. On Sept 15, Prime Minister Karki formed a small cabinet with three ministers—two retired government officials and one lawyer, who had previously served as legal advisor to the mayor of Kathmandu metropolis, Balen Shah. The mayor is widely regarded as an opponent of political parties. 

Interestingly, no members of the Gen Z movement have been included in the cabinet. Symbolically, the inclusion of at least one Gen Z representative would have strengthened the message of this transition. There is still room for her to make such an adjustment. This article reviews the unfolding political situation in Nepal and offers some suggestions for Prime Minister Karki’s interim government.

Questions and concerns

First, why did the Gen Z movement begin? It remains unclear who the real leaders are, as multiple groups have claimed ownership. Videos and images suggest that some genuine Gen Z activists have been sidelined, while others with questionable legitimacy have taken control. One can observe the presence of youth influenced by Balen Shah, Harka Sampang, Durga Prasain, Sudan Gurung, and several others—at least a dozen figures in total. These characters are anarchic. 

Among them, Miraj Dhungana publicly announced a two-point agenda—political stability and transparency. Recently, however, he has disappeared from public notice and has claimed he is under threat. This is unfortunate, as his agenda reflected the true aspirations of the movement. Contrary to popular belief, a ban on social media was not the central cause of the protests, though it may have acted as a trigger. The core issue was corruption. My humble request to the Gen Z generation is to remain focused on that declared agenda—fighting corruption—with sincerity and consistency.

Second, the GenZ leaders must publicly condemn the criminal acts carried out during the protests. There is little doubt that genuine youth activists were not behind the arson and vandalism that destroyed public institutions such as the Supreme Court, Parliament building, and other government offices, nor the violent attacks on the homes of political leaders. Evidence indicates that criminal elements infiltrated the protests to destabilize Nepal. Visuals suggest involvement by individuals linked to several parties—including the RPP, RSP, the Maoists and some Madhes-based groups. The parties have denounced the violence and made it clear that they will take action against those involved in the riots.  Such violence must be unequivocally condemned, and perpetrators brought to justice. Likewise, the killing of peaceful protestors seeking reform and accountability deserves the strongest condemnation.

Third, conspiracy theories have begun to circulate. Some western media reports allege that the United States has encouraged violent uprisings in South Asia, citing Bangladesh and now Nepal, with the aim of countering China or creating a Christian-dominated state that could host US military bases. While such reports remain unverified, Nepal must remain vigilant against its territory being used by external powers. Claims that KP Sharma Oli’s government was “too close to China” and therefore had to be removed are baseless. Oli has consistently prioritized Nepal’s national interest.

Suggestions

As an interim government, Karki’s cabinet has a limited mandate—primarily to restore stability and prepare for elections within six months. And, of course, to eliminate corruption.  

Organizing credible elections within such a short period is undoubtedly the toughest challenge, especially after serious damage to government institutions. Yet it is not impossible if pursued with determination. Failure, however, would create dangerous consequences, including political vacuum and instability.

As a legal expert and former Chief Justice, Karki must remain firmly committed to protecting the constitution and democracy. If elections are delayed, foreign interference, criminal infiltration or authoritarian ambitions could emerge. Nepal cannot afford to join the list of failed states like Afghanistan, Syria or Libya. The Nepali Army has shown commendable restraint and loyalty to civilian authority; its timely intervention within constitutional limits could prevent greater damage. Still, why didn’t the army take control of the situation in the afternoon and waited till 10 pm? 

Corruption remains Nepal’s most deep-rooted problem. Karki’s government should investigate the wealth of both political leaders and bureaucrats. All major scandals should be investigated without bias, and legal action must be taken regardless of party affiliation. You have risen with the slogans of taking action against the corrupt people. You should immediately take action. Start investing the cases and files them. 

Prime Minister Karki should not overburden her interim administration with unrealistic goals. She must concentrate on two essential tasks: holding elections on time and combating corruption. She should also remain committed to the constitution, resist external pressures, and not be swayed by voices hostile to political parties. In the end, political parties remain the only foundation for democratic governance—not partyless systems or mob-led movements. Madam Prime Minister, history has placed a unique responsibility upon you. Fulfill your mandate with courage, integrity, and focus.