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H. E. Felicity Volk

Ambassador of Australia to Nepal ​

1. What was your first impression of Nepal when you landed here as the Australian ambassador?

I landed at Tribhuvan Airport a year ago, late one winter night. I was returning to Nepal for the first time in over 20 years. Kathmandu’s streets were empty, but for dogs curled in balls against the cold. A faint trace of the evening’s fires hung in the air, the smoky aroma taking me back to earlier visits, a point of reference for how much the city had changed—growing up and out.

Come daylight the next morning, and in subsequent weeks, I had a clearer sense of the way Nepal has both evolved and stayed the same over the years.  There have been changes in both the built and natural environments, shifts in the architecture of politics and government and a maturing of the economy and national identity. But underpinning all of this are Nepal’s enduring characteristics: an ancient, rich and complex culture and the unparalleled warmth, hospitality and generosity of its people.

2. What are the similarities between Nepal and Australia?

The thriving Nepali community in Australia, which numbers around 150,000, speaks to the many similarities between Nepal and Australia and the way these make Australia a natural home for migrants and students from Nepal, and Nepal an attractive destination for Australians.

Both our countries are characterized by ethnic and cultural diversity, friendliness, a love of good food and the great outdoors, a federal system of government, an appreciation of community and concern for the environment.

3. What are the three milestones you feel you have achieved as your country’s Ambassador to Nepal?

When the second wave of Covid-19 hit soon after my arrival, I was pleased to facilitate a A$7million emergency assistance package to support Nepal’s Covid-response, in addition to our vaccine contributions through COVAX AMC and the delivery of much needed PPE by a Royal Australian Air Force flight.

I have placed gender equality and social inclusion issues prominently in my public outreach, reflecting the priority we attach to these in Australia’s development activity.

And third, I’ve worked closely with the education sector to prepare for the return of Nepali students to Australia when our borders opened in mid-December 2021. It’s been great to welcome students from Nepal back to Australia.

4. How are the people-to-people relations between Nepal and Australia and how can the relationship be further enhanced?

Flourishing people-to-people links underpin our warm diplomatic relations, which now span more than 60 years. I look forward to a time where travel between our countries is easier and we see a resumption of two-way educational exchanges, tourism and visits by business-people.

5. What do you like the most about Nepal?

The kindness of its people, the compassion of its spirituality and the majesty of its landscapes.

6. Where do you think Nepal as a country should improve?

I consider Nepal’s greatest untapped resource is its youth. I would love to see more young Nepalis accessing leadership opportunities in politics and government, as well as the community sector, business and the arts.

7. Is there anything you have planned but are yet to achieve in Nepal?

A program that I’m looking forward to joining this year is a mentoring initiative for young Nepali women, led by the British Ambassador H.E. Nicola Pollitt. I’m keen to work with women here to support their leadership aspirations and, of course, to learn from Nepali youth. 

Quick Questions:

1. Favorite Nepali food

Oh, too hard to choose. But let’s say Kwati on a winter’s night—comfort food! And Juju Dhau from Bhaktapur. 

2. Favorite place in Nepal

Whenever I need to restore serenity and to be immersed in everything I love about Nepal, I visit Boudha. Outside the valley, Pokhara is my easy-to-get-to haven.

3. Favorite Nepali song

‘Resham’ by Nepathya. I first heard this performed by a local cover band at Boudha on Laxmi Puja evening, last Tihar. Amrit Gurung and Nepathya have toured Australia five times, most recently in 2019 and always to very enthusiastic audiences. One day I hope to hear Amrit Gurung perform Resham live myself!

4. Favorite trek in Nepal

A confession: I’m more a hiker than a trekker.  To date, my favorite hike was to Murma Top during a trip to Rara Lake with the US and UK ambassadors to promote climate resilience and biodiversity conservation programs.

5. Favorite season in Nepal

Spring, with its moderate temperatures, trees flowering, days lengthening, evenings of golden light and the sense of the world coming to life again.

6. Favorite Nepali festival

Tihar, especially the night of Laxmi Puja. 

The ambassador’s personal message:

Australia marks its National Day on 26 January, a time to celebrate who we are as a nation. The vibrant and growing Nepali community in Australia makes a highly valued contribution to contemporary Australia and is integral to our rich, multi-faceted culture. I’ve been delighted to connect with this community both in Australia and when non-resident Nepalis and alumni return to Nepal. 

In both our countries, we’re facing new challenges with the current wave of Covid-19. Confronting testing times such as these, together, in a mutually respectful partnership, the ties between Australia and Nepal are stronger than ever. I regard it as a great privilege to contribute to our expanding relations and the warm friendship between our peoples.  

Open borders with India represent a major challenge in stemming the spread of coronavirus. With cases in India peaking, entry points on Nepal-India border have been put on high alert. Birgunj, the busiest Nepal-India gateway, is often regarded as Nepal’s Covid-19 hotspot. This time too, the city has seen cases steadily rise. Pratik Ghimire of ApEx talked to Vijay Kumar Sarawagi, mayor of Birgunj Metropolitan City, to know about their preparations and plans to contain the spread.

How are your preparations for the third wave?

Having fought valiantly against the two previous waves, Birgunj is ready to deal with the new wave with the help of our added manpower and resources. We have focused on Narayani Hospital where we have installed an automatic oxygen plant with the capacity to fill over 200 oxygen cylinders a day and oxygen lines have been added to over 600 beds, to be fed directly from the plant. As unvaccinated children are vulnerable, we have established a special child ward with all instant facilities. 

Besides, we have added health desks at borders and increased the number of community contact tracing teams. Vaccination has also picked up in our metro.

What is the state of your isolation centers?

Our isolation centers have not been used as almost every covid infected individual is isolating in their homes. Moreover, it looks like this wave is less harmful as even those who are admitted to hospitals are being discharged within a week. We have also not allowed a single person to enter Nepal without a negative antigen test. Yet, for an emergency, we have built a 400-bed holding center, which can also be used for isolation.

Also read: Dinesh Kumar Thapaliya: Commission ready to hold local elections on April 27

There seems to be a lack of public awareness in the metropolitan city. How can you convince citizens to follow health protocols?

We admit that the virus has already spread in the community because almost 70 percent of those being tested are returning positive results. Many with mild symptoms are not even getting tested. They are rather self-isolating in their homes. We are encouraging them to test through various digital campaigns and are also planning to provide door-to-door PCR services. The District Administrative Office (DAO) has been monitoring compliance of protocols, and imposing a fine of Rs 100 on those violating the rules. We also provide masks to those who appear without them in public places.

Birgunj has vaccinated 57 percent of its eligible population, and many have even received doses from India. So, tentatively, over 80 percent of our citizens are vaccinated. As it is common to have a cold during the winter, people might ignore mild symptoms. Our metro has almost 30,000 children above 12 who are eligible for vaccines, and 20,000 of them have already been vaccinated. We are waiting for vaccines for minors under 12.

How much has the metro spent on covid crisis management?

We have allocated Rs 30 million for it but the fund has barely been spent as provincial and central governments have taken care of most expenses.

How has the coordination been with other governments and departments?

There is no problem between us and the DAO. But coordination among municipalities is lacking. For instance, as Birgunj is more developed compared to surrounding areas, people from neighboring municipalities come to Narayani Hospital, which is causing an overload. We have to manage logistics for that. With more support from provincial and federal governments as well as municipalities, we will surely be in a position to provide better services.

The Election Commission (EC) has expedited preparations for elections of local governments whose tenure expires on May 19. Along with the preparations, the commission is also busy exploring ways to reform the electoral process and formulating an integrated election law. In this connection, Pratik Ghimire of ApEx talked to Chief Election Commissioner Dinesh Kumar Thapaliya.

How are the preparations for local levels going?

On December 24, we met the prime minister and proposed April 27 as a date for local level polls. Even if the date is yet to be finalized, the commission is ready to conduct elections before the expiry of the terms of the 36,000 local representatives on May 19. As of now, we are busy updating voter lists and are in consultation with officials of the finance ministry, security departments, and other concerned bodies.

Are there plans to use the Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) in the upcoming elections?

The commission is ready to and in favor of using the EVM system, but it is not possible without political consensus. The EC has held talks with them several times but to no avail. Also, to use the EVMs, we have to have mass demo sessions, at least a year before the announcement of election dates. So there is no chance of using EVMs for local level elections, but we still can do it for elections of federal and provincial parliaments, but again, only if there is political consensus.

Also read: Krishna Pokharel: 2021 was a year of disillusionment in Nepali politics 

How will this election cycle differ from previous ones?

The election process and voting system have not changed from the previous time, but we are planning to use new technology for surveillance so that elections are more free, fair and peaceful. But primarily, the commission is focusing on civic education, which includes educating the public on the importance of their votes, election-time etiquettes, etc.

What is the progress on a single ‘integrated law’ for all levels of elections?

A few days earlier, the government agreed on the principle of an ‘integrated law’. We will now create a taskforce to prepare related Acts. In two months, we will present the integrated law to the government, which in turn will present it in parliament.

How is the commission planning to curtail excess campaign spending this time?

This time, we are working on an Act that will make it mandatory for candidates to disclose their property details so that the EC can monitor the excesses in their election promotional campaigns. We have also decentralized powers and authorized local election committees to check for adherence to election code of conduct. We appeal to everyone to report any misconduct as only with collective effort can we hold free and fair polls.

From the dissolution of the federal parliament to its reinstatement by the judiciary, 2021 witnessed many events of historical political importance. ApEx’s Pratik Ghimire talked to Krishna Pokharel, a political science professor at Tribhuvan University, to make some sense of the developments.

How do you recall 2021 in terms of political developments?

The year was hectic, in the sense that there were plenty of political developments, both at federal and provincial levels, in what was a relatively short time. After a long time, people were expecting a stable government that would deliver much-needed development works. But things went the opposite way and for most folks the past year turned out to be a year of disillusionment. As we have a mixed electoral system, there is no alternative to coalition governments and so the parties, in the coming year, should look to build more mutual trust.

What in your view were the top three political events of 2021?

There were many. But if I have to choose the top three, the first would be the unconstitutional dissolution of the House, followed by its reinstatement. Second, even after the restoration, the same party that dissolved the house didn’t let it run so that it could dub its previous step “progressive”. Lastly, the formation of a coalition government of the leftist and democratic forces was another significant development. 

Also read: Krishna Khanal: Too early to speculate about future Nepali Congress presidency 

Do you think our constitutional bodies functioned well in 2021?

Except for the Public Service Commission and the Office of the Auditor General, no other constitutional body worked well. They rather acted like puppets of the government, not as neutral arbiters and advisors. For instance, the Election Commission gave a timely verdict concerning a vertical split in the Janata Samajbadi Party Nepal but delayed a similar verdict in the case of the NCP, acting as a pawn of the person in power. And now when Sher Bahadur Deuba is in power, it has started favoring him.

How would you review the judiciary’s functioning?

Turmoil in the judiciary showed that when the right people are not in the right place, the organization in question can never deliver. The same judiciary functioned well when Ram Prasad Shrestha was the chief justice. But things are different now due to its new “vulgar leadership.” The judiciary’s head demanding his share in appointments of constitutional bodies, cabinet, and envoys is not something the public expects, thus eroding their faith in the justice system.

What did you take away from the four recent general conventions of major political forces?

Starting with CPN-UML, even if the inauguration was grand, the ending was not-so-impressive as the convention elected a list of party office-bearers handpicked by KP Oli. From the fifth general convention, the party had adopted a democratic practice of electing party officials through election, but Oli destroyed that practice in the eighth GC.

For me, the GC of RPP was just a media hype because even if the party technically has new leadership, there are only two members (one general secretary and the chairman himself) as office-bearers from the Rajendra Lingden team—that’s not an overhaul. The result is a clear tussle between the former king and Kamal Thapa.

Nepali Congress, of course, is a party with a long democratic history. A part of party leadership has continued, but another part has changed. Even if Sher Bahadur Deuba has a majority in the party, there are new and young faces even in his faction. So the general convention of the Nepali Congress is a combo of continuity and change.

The Maoists have come from a different background and, in the party, relations between leaders and cadres are like ones between commanders and commandos. But this party is now gradually adopting democratic ways. They have elected their provincial heads through elections. And we have to see how the public will take self-criticism of Pushpa Kamal Dahal expressed in his political document as that will determine the fate of the CPN (Maoist Center).