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Bakhat Bahadur Thapa is a 58-year-old novelist who began writing at the age of 32. He has written several novels, including ‘Pardesh’, ‘Kuiro ra Kaag’, ‘Kaalchakra’, and ‘Jungey’. He has also penned three short story anthologies. Thapa is a computer hardware technician by profession. In Nepali literature, he has gained fame for his style of using technological expertise to portray societal themes. Babita Shrestha from ApEx spoke to Thapa about his experience as a novelist.

What made you want to write?

After finishing school, I went to India to acquire technical vocational skills. There I struggled a lot. Later, after my return to Nepal, I used to tell my friends about those days and they would listen to me with great interest. One of my friends happened to be a journalist at the time and he asked me to write some stories. That was the turning point for me to pursue a career in writing. But later I couldn’t get in touch with him so I published the work myself. That was how ‘Pardesh’ came out in 2001. 

How many books have you published so far?

My first book ‘Pardesh’ is centered on facts regarding the brain-drain in Nepal. It explores various psychological aspects as well as illustrates the plight of Nepalis living abroad. I then published ‘Kuiro ra Kaag’. It’s about polygamy in the western part of Nepal. Following that, I released ‘Kaalchakra’ in 2007. The novel subtly highlights the Maoist insurgency period while making references to the corruption, fraud, and slavery in Nepal. I published ‘Jungey’ in 2014 to reflect the political and economic situation in rural areas in Nepal. After three years, I released its sequel, ‘Jungey ko Diary.’ I authored ‘Deshan’ in 2021. It’s about an epidemic and environmental issues. Besides that, I have written three collections of short stories, including ‘Computer Aatanka’, ‘Sheershak Sangai Sarita’ and ‘Aaghat’.

Can you run us through your writing process?

The majority of storylines and events are inspired by incidents I experience. Turning many social situations into fiction, in my opinion, is the primary method of creating a novel. Take ‘Pardesh’ for instance. My experiences of traveling from Dailekh to Delhi, as well as my first encounter with electricity, trains, and electrical devices, have all been turned into a novel. Simple events establish a plot and I embellish it with words and my own sense of style. As I write, I also strive to balance the plot with themes, give the words a deep meaning, and use figurative and metaphorical language.

Being a novelist yourself, what sorts of novels do you enjoy the most? Are there any authors or novels that have had a significant impact on your writing?

For me, reading literature is about making room to educate, entertain, and inform oneself. So I like novels which embrace social issues, impart knowledge, and have logic. I enjoy narratives that are humorous. I’m passionate about reading. I became a fan of Diamond Sumsher Rana after reading ‘Seto Baag’. I also enjoy reading Maxim Gorky. He is another one of my favorite authors. What really impresses me about these author’s works is how well they portray the story while incorporating fresh vocabulary and deep implications.

What is the most rewarding aspect of being a novelist?

When people acknowledge me for my contributions, I consider that to be my greatest success. There was a time when I had to go to Tribhuvan University to fix a computer. The person I was supposed to meet didn’t recognize me at first but she later came up to me to ask if my stories were included in the Grade 12 curriculum. When I confirmed her suspicions, she told me that I was well-known throughout the institution. Hearing that was like music to my ears.

Thapa’s Picks

‘Alikhit’ by Dhruba Chandra Gautam

It’s Nepali fiction first published in 1983. It’s the story set in an unidentified village in the Tarai region of Nepal.

‘Aama’ by Maxim Gorky 

The Nepali translation of Mother by Maxim Gorky was published in 2018. It’s a story about the lower class women working in a Russian factory and it highlights the struggles and poverty of the society in the Russian Empire.

An important meeting of the Nepali Congress Central Working Committee is taking place from tomorrow (Tuesday) after a long time. The Congress has not held a meet of this scale after the last general elections, so this jamboree will be quite important in reinvigorating the party by giving it a fresh impetus. 

The meeting will take up all issues of national importance like measures to end corruption control and ensure good governance. Probing corruption cases without let or hindrance will be one of the important agendas of the meet. 

It will review decisions of the party leadership, ways to play a more effective role in the Parliament and to move ahead by adopting a new approach. The aim will be to energize the party rank and file at all levels. The focus will be on making the party’s stance clear on policy issues, apart from delivering on the promises made. 

The author is a Central Committee Member of the Congress

What should be the size of the army in a country like Nepal?  Before the Maoist insurgency began in 1996, there were approximately 60,000 personnel in the Nepali Army. The number was significantly increased to fight the Maoist insurgents, and today the NA is 96,477 strong. In 2001, the government also founded the Armed Police Force, which acted as a paramilitary unit, to support counterinsurgency operations. 

Talks about resizing or ‘rightsizing’ the NA first found prominence after the Maoists joined the peace process with the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2006. At the time, it was the right thing to do, since the former Maoist fighters were also being integrated into the national army, which would have increased the troop numbers and the budget.  

The CPA says: “... This includes, among other things, rightsizing, democratic restructuring reflecting the national and inclusive character and imparting training to the Nepali Army on the values of democracy and human rights.”  While the inclusive component of the CPA has already been implemented by the NA, the parts about rightsizing and restructuring have not. 

The size of the military has once again entered the national debate, and the NA is not taking it lightly. Responding to some media reports and opinion pieces, Army chief Prabhu Ram Sharma in March blamed “outsiders” for making comments about the required NA troop numbers. He didn’t name any particular individual or institution, but hinted that these “outsiders” were acting on the behest of foreign countries.

A few days back, the issue about the size of the Army was brought up in the National Assembly by CPN-UML lawmaker Bimala Rai Paudyal. Addressing the assembly, she said that there must be a review on whether the Ministry of Defense needs the current size of the national army.
“There aren’t any internal conflicts and there aren’t any chances of war from our neighbors,” argued Paudyal, also a former foreign minister.
Her remarks didn’t go down well with the military circle, as well as some politicians. Paudyal faced strong criticism, including from former Army generals, for stoking an unnecessary debate. 

Those against the idea of revising the size of the NA are of the view that this is not the right time to be debating about the issue. 

But Paudyal remains firm on her position. “Shouldn’t we evaluate the current scenario?” she says. “It is not necessarily a call for downsizing the army, but rather a suggestion to review whether to downsize or upsize the army.”   

She asks why there should be a controversy whenever we raise military matters. “These issues warrant serious deliberations and extensive research, especially considering our transition to federalism and the emergence of heightened border security threats,” says Paudyal. “Perhaps, we may even require a stronger army.”

The debate on the size of the NA is not a new one; it is a part of the CPA signed between the government and the Maoist party. The Interim Constitution 2007 had also mentioned about the size and democratization of the national army. The part 20 of Interim Constitution states talks about determining the appropriate number of the Army, its democratic structuring and inclusivity.  

In 2009, the Ministry of Defense had formed a committee to suggest ways for the democratization of the NA, but the report was never made public.

In compliance to the Nepali law which states that 45 percent of all vacant government positions be reserved for excluded groups, the Army in 2006, amended its Army Act. As per the amendment, out of the 45 percent reserved position within the NA, 20 percent of the seats are reserved for women, 32 percent for Janajati, 28 percent for Madhesi, 15 percent for Dalit and 5 percent for remote regions. But as far as the issue of rightsizing is concerned, there have been discussions in the academic sector but not at the state-level.

The Maoist party, which vehemently raised the issue of resizing the NA during the time of peace process, seems to have abandoned the topic now. As per the Maoist party’s demand, the Nepali Congress and UML too had agreed to mention this issue in the CPA, much to the displeasure of the Army. 

Deepak Prakash Bhatta, a security expert, says there can be discussions on resizing the NA only if the political parties, not individual leaders, officially make the position on it.  “Some people have spoken about it, but what is the position of political parties?” says Bhatta.

Both incumbent and retired NA officials suspect that some “foreign powers” are fuelling the debate.
One retired NA official says the NA does not have any objection to such a debate, but the recent noise about reviewing the size of the national army lacks maturity. “This is a very sensitive and comprehensive issue which requires in-depth study and deliberations,” he says.  

Purna Chandra Silwal, retired major general of the NA, says in a precarious geopolitical scenario marked, among others, by the Ukraine war and increasing Sino-Indian hostilities, countries have become more serious than ever before about their existence as their ballooning defense spending shows. “But, paradoxically, some of our leaders and opinion-makers are calling for downsizing of the national army,” he adds.

Major political parties have so far chosen to steer clear from the debate. UML senior leader Shanker Pokhrel says this is “an ill-timed debate” because we are passing through a political instability, and anarchism is creeping into society. “The size of Nepali Army is not only related to security aspects but also the international peace mission,” says Pokhrel.  

The current debate on the sizing of NA itself is problematic because it is too focused on downsizing it, instead of holding discussions on determining the right size. There could be discussions about the size of the army, experts say, but it can be decided only after assessing the long-term internal and external threats. Of late, beyond providing security, NA is also engaged in big development projects as well. 

Krishna Prasad Bhandari, NA spokesperson, says the Army is aware and informed about the ongoing discussions about the national army.  “The Nepal Army has been effectively and successfully performing the tasks provided by the government and mentioned in the constitution,” he says. 

Defense Minister Purna Bahadur Khadka has also defended the current number of NA in Parliament.  Speaking in the meeting of National Assembly Khadka on Thursday, he said the number of the army is determined on the basis of the country's geographical location, national necessity and current international scenario. He also said it is the government who decides the number of military personnel based on the recommendation of the National Security Council. 

Waste management problem of Kathmandu has resurfaced once again due to the protests by residents of Kakani Rural Municipality in Nuwakot and Dhunibesi Municipality in Dhading. They have blocked the transportation of waste trucks to Banchare Danda, the designated landfill site, citing non-implementation of previous agreements with the Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC). 

The agitating locals claim that despite signing an agreement a year ago, the KMC has failed to fulfill its obligations.

Suman Tamang, chairperson of Kakani Rural Municipality, says that it is not feasible for people to live among fetid waste, while KMC does nothing. “Kathmandu should manage its waste in alternative sites or relocate the affected residents. If this issue remains unaddressed, waste disposal will continue to be disrupted,” he says.

Around 50 waste trucks are stuck between Sisdole and Banchare Danda. The residents have accused the KMC of deceiving them by not adhering to the agreements, which included the segregation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste and the management of only degradable waste at the landfill site. 

Recently, Kakani Rural Municipality decided to charge an entry fee for vehicles carrying garbage. However, local residents opposed this decision, saying that public health is more important than revenue. 

An appeal was filed in the Supreme Court against levying of the entry fee for garbage trucks, resulting in an interim stay order preventing the collection of fees. 

The KMC team attempted to negotiate with municipal officials, but to no avail. 

“The locals and municipal officials asked us to negotiate with the federal government instead. They are obstructing the route but they want us to negotiate with the federal government,” says Nabin Manandhar, the KMC spokesperson.

The main demand of the protesting locals is acquisition of 3,000 ropanis of land surrounding the waste disposal site, which is beyond the KMC’s capabilities alone. Manandhar says that the KMC is in contact with the federal government regarding this matter.

Until last year, garbage from the 18 local areas in Kathmandu Valley was managed at Sisdole, but it was subsequently relocated to the nearby Banchare Danda landfill site, which lies on the border of Nuwakot and Dhading districts