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Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal is scheduled to visit China from Sept 23, following his participation in the 78th United Nations General Assembly in New York. 

While bureaucratic preparations are underway, the prime minister is also engaging in consultations with political leaders to determine key issues to be raised with Chinese leaders. Nepali Ambassador to China Bishnu Pukar Shrestha has been holding meetings with high-ranking Chinese officials to finalize the potential agenda for the visit. 

While the Chinese side is insisting that both sides should focus on implementation of the past agreements, there are some key issues that Dahal needs to raise when he sits with Chinese officials. Foremost among these is China’s new map that does not acknowledge Nepal’s political map launched in 2020. Dahal has already pledged to raise this issue, and the nation is keenly anticipating how he will approach it and how the northern neighbor will react.

Of late, there are confusions in Nepal over some issues raised by China. For example, China has categorized the Pokhara International Airport as a major project under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Nepali authorities have consistently refuted this claim, yet the Chinese side has not clarified its stance. Likewise, there are confusions on BRI even eight years after signing of the agreement. It is the duty of the Prime Minister Dahal to articulate Nepal's concerns on the initiative.

Furthermore, there are confusions in both the political and diplomatic circles of Nepal about China’s new initiatives such as Global Security Initiative and Global Civilization Initiative. Chinese Ambassador to Nepal Chen Song recently said that Nepal is already a part of GCI. His predecessor, Hou Yanqi, too, had publicly declared that Nepal had joined the GSI.

Another pressing issue is the absence of a joint border inspection between Nepal and China. This has given rise to various issues including allegations of border encroachment by China. During his visit, Dahal should urge Beijing for a joint inspection of the border. While there are other bilateral matters that require attention, it is paramount that Dahal take up the aforementioned issues with Beijing. If both sides are genuinely committed to elevating the bilateral relationship to a new level, they must resolve these outstanding issues first.

The collaboration between Fonepay and India’s NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL) heralds an exciting era in cross-border digital payments, promising to empower millions of citizens in both Nepal and India with secure and convenient payment solutions. Through a certified mobile application developed by Fonepay and backed by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), consumers and businesses will be able to effortlessly make instant payments using QR codes at various retail outlets. Evana Manandhar of ApEx spoke with Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Fonepay, Diwas Sapkota, about this partnership. Excerpts. 

Could you give a brief description of the latest cross-border payment partnership between Fonepay and NPCI? Why did Fonepay decide to seek this collaboration?

The collaboration between NPCI and Fonepay for cross-border payments between India and Nepal, leveraging mobile banking and QR code technology, has the potential to revolutionize the way people transact when traveling between these two countries. This partnership promises a host of advantages for both customers and merchants, making cross-border payments more accessible, convenient, and secure.

Fonepay’s decision to seek collaboration with NPCI stemmed from a combination of strategic, market-driven, and customer-centric considerations. By entering into this partnership, Fonepay is strategically looking to expand its footprint and diversify its service offerings. This expansion into cross-border payments enables Fonepay to tap into the substantial flow of transactions between the two neighboring countries, driven by factors like tourism, trade, and remittances.

Moreover, in a competitive fintech landscape, staying relevant and ahead of the curve is crucial. Collaborating with NPCI, a renowned financial infrastructure provider, can give Fonepay a competitive edge by offering unique and innovative cross-border payment solutions. This move could position Fonepay as a frontrunner in the mobile banking and payment sector by meeting the evolving demands and expectations of its customer base.

What are the main benefits of cross-border payment facility for customers in Nepal and India?

The introduction of a cross-border payment facility between India and Nepal holds paramount significance in alignment with the national priorities of both countries. For nations prioritizing economic growth and stronger bilateral ties, this initiative represents a strategic move. By facilitating easier, faster, and cost-effective cross-border transactions, it paves the way for increased trade, investments, and business collaborations, ultimately bolstering economic development on both sides of the border. 

Additionally, the shift towards digital payments not only enhances financial security, but also simplifies transactions compared to traditional methods involving physical cash or international debit/credit cards. Customers can sidestep the risks associated with cash handling and the high foreign transaction fees often levied by banks for card usage abroad. This transition to digital payments not only streamlines the transaction process but also contributes to a more secure and convenient financial landscape for individuals and businesses in India and Nepal, further emphasizing the transformative potential of this cross-border payment innovation.

Can you provide any specific information regarding the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)’s goals that apply to this cross-border payment project?

The successful launch of QR payments represents a significant milestone in the collaborative cross-border payment project between Fonepay and NPCI, benefiting customers traveling between India and Nepal. This achievement reflects a commitment to modernizing and simplifying cross-border transactions by providing a user-friendly QR code payment system

Building upon this success, the forthcoming goals of implementing P2P (Peer-to-Peer) payments and incorporating Rupee card payments demonstrate a holistic approach to enhancing the cross-border payment ecosystem. P2P payments will empower individuals to transfer funds easily across borders, addressing personal financial needs such as remittances. The inclusion of Rupee card payments, leveraging India's domestic card payment network, will offer an additional payment avenue, expanding the choices available to users.

When can customers anticipate this cross-border payment service to be fully operational and accessible? Could you give an estimate or target time frame?

The launch of a cross-border payment service is a multi-step process that demands careful coordination and collaboration with banking partners. Initially, the service provider, in this case, Fonepay, must establish partnerships with various banks, both within its home country and the target country (India, in this instance). These banks are essential for facilitating the cross-border flow of funds. While this process unfolds, the service can be rolled out with a limited number of partner banks, enabling customers to engage in one-way transactions, such as sending money from one country to another, within a relatively short span of 15-20 days. During this phase, rigorous testing and optimization efforts are common to ensure smooth functionality, regulatory compliance, and an optimal user experience.

However, the official launch of the service often takes more time, typically within a range of 6-12 months. This is because achieving full connectivity with a broader network of banks is a crucial step. It involves expanding partnerships to enable two-way transactions, allowing customers in both countries to send and receive funds seamlessly. Additionally, compliance with various regulatory requirements, both in the home and target countries, is a meticulous process that can contribute significantly to the extended timeline. Obtaining the necessary regulatory approvals and ensuring full compliance is essential for a smooth and legally sound cross-border payment service. Once all technical, regulatory, and partnership aspects are in place, the official launch can commence, encompassing marketing campaigns, customer education, and broad availability of the service to the public.

Can you describe the equipment or setup that will make it possible for these cross-border exchanges between Nepal and India? What sets it apart from card payment options?How can issues about compliance with KYC/CFT (Combating Financing of Terrorism) and AML (Anti Money Laundering) regulations and concerns be addressed to ensure that cross-border transactions with India are secure and adhere to global regulatory standards?

This setup encompasses critical components, such as a robust payment gateway infrastructure, collaboration with partner banks on both sides of the border, user-friendly mobile apps or websites for customer transactions, a currency conversion mechanism, and a compliance framework adhering to local and global regulations, including KYC/CFT and AML requirements.

What sets this approach apart from conventional card payment options is its emphasis on direct bank transfers, handling local currencies (Nepalese Rupee and Indian Rupee) without conversion fees, and deep integration with the local banking infrastructure for regional cross-border transactions.

To ensure compliance with KYC/CFT and AML regulations and address security concerns, strict measures are in place. These measures include thorough customer verification processes involving valid identification documents, transaction monitoring systems to detect suspicious activities, integration of AML and CFT measures, compliance with regulatory authorities, customer and employee education on compliance and security, and a commitment to regular audits and updates to stay in line with evolving threats and regulatory changes. In summary, the setup for cross-border exchanges through services like Fonepay is designed to provide a secure, efficient, and legally compliant ecosystem for cross-border transactions, bolstered by stringent compliance measures and advanced technology.

What steps are being taken to address cyber security and digital fraud concerns, so that customers feel secure performing cross-border transactions?

Ensuring the security of cross-border transactions is of paramount importance, and steps to address cybersecurity and digital fraud concerns closely align with those taken for domestic transactions. The core principles of cybersecurity, such as user awareness, multi-factor authentication, encryption, and compliance with recognized security standards, user education and awareness campaigns are pivotal, emphasizing the importance of not sharing sensitive information, being cautious of phishing scams, and adopting secure practices. Implementing multi-factor authentication adds an extra layer of protection. Robust encryption protocols are vital to safeguarding data during international transmission.

Moreover, obtaining relevant certifications signals a commitment to security, offering customers reassurance. Real-time transaction monitoring, powered by advanced fraud detection algorithms and artificial intelligence, can identify anomalies promptly. Collaboration with both domestic and international law enforcement agencies helps combat cybercrime effectively.

Customer support is indispensable, providing customers with a resource to report concerns and incidents. Regular security audits and vulnerability assessments maintain a proactive stance against potential threats. Lastly, international collaboration and information sharing within the global financial community play a crucial role in staying ahead of evolving cyber threats. Together, these measures create a comprehensive security framework that instill confidence in customers conducting cross-border transactions.

How does Fonepay hope to support Nepal’s digital economy and global financial inclusion in the context of such multinational partnerships? 

Fonepay aims to play a pivotal role in advancing Nepal’s digital economy and promoting global financial inclusion through strategic multinational partnerships. By leveraging its expertise in digital payments and financial technology, Fonepay can help bridge the financial inclusion gap in Nepal. This includes extending access to financial services to previously underserved populations, enabling efficient cross-border remittances, and facilitating the adoption of digital payments among businesses and consumers. 

Fonepay’s commitment to financial literacy initiatives, interoperability with various financial institutions, and outreach to rural communities further strengthens its potential to drive financial inclusion. Collaborations with global financial institutions can unlock a broader range of financial products and services for Nepali users, contributing to economic growth and empowering individuals and businesses to participate more fully in the digital economy. Ultimately, Fonepay’s role in promoting financial inclusion aligns with Nepal’s broader economic development goals and fosters greater connectivity with the global financial ecosystem.

Quick facts

Born on 1 Oct 1977 in Parbat

Went to Tribhuvan Secondary School, Parbat

Graduated in PN Campus, Pokhara; post-grad in English literature from Tribhuvan University

First elected to the Maryland House of Delegates in 2018 and has been a member of the House since Jan 2019

PhD from the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)

Husband to Sangita Baruwal

Father to Ronix Bhandari and Salona Bhandari

I began my early education at a public school established by my grandfather in our village of Parbat. After completing my secondary education there, I decided to pursue higher studies in Pokhara.

During my time in college, I actively advocated for the welfare of students, especially those from rural areas. This involvement sparked my interest in politics focused on helping others. I successfully earned a master’s degree in English literature from Tribhuvan University. Additionally, I served as a school principal in Kathmandu at the young age of 23. I’ve also authored numerous school textbooks and collaborated with two friends to develop the literary theory known as ‘Labyrinth Conscience’.

In 2005, I had the opportunity to travel to the United States to present a research paper at George Mason University. Following that, I decided to stay in the US to further my education. I supported my studies by working at a gas station. Despite arriving in the US at the age of 27, I had already acquired a substantial understanding of American culture, society, and its democratic system through extensive reading.

My journey into American politics commenced with volunteer work on former President Barack Obama’s 2008 campaign. By 2012, I had assumed the role of president within a community association. In this capacity, I engaged in discussions with elected officials on topics such as park renovations, infrastructure development, and attracting investments to the community. I was also actively involved in the Young Democrats of America and held the position of national secretary of the minority caucus.

My inspiration to pursue a political career was drawn from the lives and achievements of politicians like Thomas Jefferson and George Washington. During my participation in the 2016 Democratic National Convention in Pennsylvania, I had the opportunity to meet national leaders. In the 2016 presidential election, I founded the organization ‘Nepali for Hillary’ and actively mobilized volunteers in more than a dozen states in the US.

In 2018, I ran a successful campaign, defeating the director of the Republican Party in my area. I was re-elected to the Maryland State Legislature from the 8th district in the Nov 2022 elections, securing the highest number of votes.

A primary motivation for my involvement in politics was to advocate for and represent the interests of vulnerable people. Once an outsider in America, I worked 12 to 16-hour shifts at a gas station to make ends meet. Now, I find myself on the inside, serving as a State Delegate in Maryland. My proudest achievement is authoring 19 bills, including the Dashain Bill, which was enacted into law. I also co-sponsored many more bills, all aimed at uplifting the people of Maryland. While law-making can be complex, the essence of democracy lies in its accountability. I ventured into US politics to harness this power for the benefit of my community. As the delegate and chairman for the Maryland Legislative Asian-American and Pacific-Islander Caucus, Inc, I advocate for vulnerable communities.

Harry Bhandari (right) with Maryland Governor Wes Moore (middle) and Lt Governor Aruna Miller.

As an immigrant, I firmly believe that overlooking the concerns of Asian Americans, African Americans, and other minority communities would hinder the progress of the United States as a nation. Currently, the US is home to approximately 21m Asian Americans, a number projected to grow to 41m by 2060. During my tenure, I aspire to amplify these voices and ensure their perspectives are integrated into mainstream discourse.

My research into the political and linguistic integration of immigrants in the US has deeply influenced my approach to public service. As both an immigrant and an elected representative, my perspective has in turn shaped my research endeavors. As a lifelong student and educator, a key conclusion I've drawn from my research is the paramount importance of education as the foundation of a strong society and a thriving democracy. Consequently, my top priority remains advocating for and enhancing our educational institutions, a cause that transcends political affiliations, national origins, or socioeconomic statuses.

My focus has consistently been on aiding those in my vicinity to the best of my abilities. I feel equally at ease working in either location, driven by my unwavering commitment to a cause I am passionate about, regardless of geography.

My aspirations for Nepali leaders include concerted efforts to alleviate poverty in the country. I staunchly support the notion that educating the masses will ultimately reduce poverty and enhance the quality of life for citizens. A well-educated child contributes significantly to society. Without a strong educational foundation, addressing challenges such as the climate crisis, economic issues, and cybersecurity becomes considerably more challenging.

To the younger generation, especially those aspiring to enter the political arena, I offer the following advice: Stay well-informed about current events, social issues, and community and global policies. Engage in local activities and volunteer work. Communicate your concerns to your community's representatives. Cultivate skills, embrace diversity, and show respect for different cultures and backgrounds. Maintain an open-minded outlook, celebrate differences, and actively work toward creating a more inclusive society. Always take responsibility for your actions, consider the consequences of your decisions, maintain a positive outlook, and strive for excellence. By doing so, you can achieve your aspirations.

Beyond my legislative duties, I am a tenured faculty member. I take a leave of absence without pay during the legislative session, and when the general assembly is not in session, I work as a full-time educator. I love sharing my passion with the next generation. Additionally, I cherish my role as a loving husband and devoted father to two children. Furthermore, I have a keen interest in reading or listening to at least one book weekly, which fuels my dedication to continuous learning and personal growth.

About him

Kanti Kumari Bhandari (Mother)

I am immensely happy that my son won the election with the help of the American people. He has been helping both the Americans and the Nepali diaspora here. He always listens to the needs of people and helps them, which I like the most. I wish him all the best to continue his good deeds and contribute more to the development projects in Nepal.

Loren Henderson (Professor)

I would like to share a quote from Barack Obama that sums up what I believed for Harry and would like Harry to carry with him: ‘And where we are met with cynicism and doubt and fear and those who tell us that we can’t, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of the American people in three simple words—yes, we can.’

Chris Van Hollen (Colleague)

If anyone likes to talk about the American dream, it’s Harry Bhandari. I feel so proud that he came here to America, worked hard and now is giving back to society. He is an educator and he advocates for education for everybody. People like Harry are the ones who we like to be around with.

In a significant move, the UN General Assembly declared 2023 as the International Year of Millets on 5 March  2021. This resolution, co-proposed by Nepal, India and other nations, garnered support from 72 countries. Its aim is to spotlight the pivotal role of millets in ensuring food security, bolstering nutrition, and enhancing climate resilience.

Millets, often an underrated crop, have been quietly nurturing and sustaining the people of Nepal for centuries. These hardy grains are renowned for their adaptability to diverse and challenging agro-ecological conditions, making them a lifeline in regions with low fertility and limited resources. Compared to major cereal crops, millets stand tall with their superior nutritional value.

For many small-scale farmers grappling with infertile, arid, or upland fields and no access to irrigation or inputs, millets have emerged as a vital food source. With climate change affecting agriculture across the nation, millets offer a sustainable solution to fortify nutrition and food security, while also safeguarding biodiversity.

Nepal boasts a rich diversity of millet types, including:

1. Finger Millet (Kodo)

It is the 4th most important crop of Nepal after rice, maize and wheat in terms of area and production. The major production districts of Nepal for this crop are Khotang, Sindhupalchok, Baglung, Syangja, Kaski, Gorkha and Sindhuli. It is grown in mid-hills and high-hills low in fertility and marginal lands. The disease and pest infestation are low and need less management. Several food preparations are made from finger millet. The most common is a thick porridge locally known as ‘dhindo’ and other products are pancakes, roasted thick breads and fermented alcoholic beverages (‘raksi’).

It is high in fiber and thus digests slowly and aids in weight loss. It has 10 times more calcium than rice and wheat. It is rich in iron, phosphorus, calcium thus extremely good especially for pregnant ladies and  diabetic, uric acid and high blood pressure patients and relieves constipation and diarrhea. It has 9.25 percent protein and 76 percent carbohydrate.

2. Proso Millet (Chino)

It is the 2nd important millet in Nepal. It has the shortest growing period of 60-90 days. It can be grown with low water and fertilizer requirements where other crops can’t grow. In light of the nation's changing environment, it is the crop of the future with tremendous potential for addressing food insecurity in rural regions. Chino is used for making Bhat (boiled), kheer (pudding) and raksi (liquor). The flour can be used for making dhindo (porridge) and roti (pancake and flat bread).

Grown in Mugu, Dolpa, Humla, Jumla, Kalikot, and Jajarkot districts, Chino has phenols (anti-cancer), calcium, magnesium and iron. It lacks gluten so is safe to eat for those who are sensitive to it. Per 100-gram chino contains 55 mg iron, 55 mg calcium, 19.4 mg phosphorus, 9.7 percent protein, 73.9 percent carbohydrates and 11.9 percent crude fiber.

3. Foxtail Millet (Kaguno)

Foxtail millet (Kaguno) is the third most important crop among the group of millets. Major foxtail millet growing districts in Nepal include Mugu, Kalikot, Humla, Jumla, Bajhang, Bajura, Dolpa, Lamjung,Gorkha, Ramechhap and Kavre where crop is grown sole as well as mixed with finger millet, proso millet, beans, amaranths and sorghum, etc. The average production is 815 kg/ha. Foxtail millet is valued by mountain farmers for its nutritional content and health promoting properties, ability to grow with low input and tolerance to drought. Cooked Kaguno is used as Bhat (cooked like rice), dhindo (porridge), kheer (like rice pudding) and sweets.

It is also appreciated for medicinal benefits such as reducing blood glucose levels and cholesterol control in normal as well as diabetic patients. It contains 12.35 percent protein, 60.9 percent carbohydrates and eight percent crude fiber.

4. Sorghum (Junelo)

Sorghum is one of the four major food grains of the world. These days it is being used as biofuel in developed countries. It is cultivated in terrace bonds and used for food and fodder. A good source of iron, calcium and protein, Sorghum is an endangered millet in Nepal. Elderly people and young toddlers with brittle teeth can consume it.

5. Pearl Millet (Bajra)

Pearl millet cultivation in Nepal is very limited to small areas in the Tarai and Lower Hills. It is the most drought tolerant crop among the cereals and millets. Pearl millet has superior nutritive value to sorghum but inferior feeding value. It makes bones strong and good for diabetic patients. Many healthy dishes like Dalia, Roti, Paratha, Sweets and Pancakes can be made from pearl millet. The grain contains about 11.6 percent protein, 67 percent carbohydrates and 2.7 percent minerals.

6. Barnyard Millet (Sama)

In Nepal, its cultivation is limited to western mid-hills. A hardy crop, it can withstand adverse weather conditions better than other cereals. It is used as food for human consumption and feed for livestock and birds. It is rich in protein, Vit B-complex and helps in weight loss. Sama grain contains 6.2 percent protein, 9.8 percent crude fiber and 65.5 percent carbohydrates. 

7. Kodo Millet (Kodi)

A highly drought-resistant crop. Kodi is recommended as a substitute for rice for diabetic patients. Its straw is of poor quality and harmful to horses. It lowers cancer risk and reduces high blood pressure. Kodi contains 8.3 percent protein and 1.4 percent fat. 

To commemorate the ‘International Year of Millets 2023’, I had the privilege of meeting Finger Millet farmers in Chitwan. They cultivate millets where rice struggles to grow, using self-saved seeds and sustainable practices. Many were unaware of the nutritional goldmine they possessed.

These farmers face challenges like the blast disease, but solutions exist through improved seed varieties and disease management. During festivals, they share millet-based dishes and beverages, emphasizing the need for awareness on the nutritional and environmental benefits of millets.

It’s time for governmental and non-governmental organizations to champion millets through seminars, training and workshops, fostering their value addition. Despite lower yields, organic cultivation can bring higher prices in both national and international markets. Millets are not just grains; they are the seeds of sustainability, nutrition, and health. Let's sow the seeds of change together.