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After the Central Working Committee meeting of Nepali Congress, it appears that the Pushpa Kamal Dahal-led government has become even more stronger. The NC's rival faction led by Gagan Kumar Thapa has pledged to keep the current coalition intact, a shift from his earlier position where he said that the coalition could break if the government fails to meet people’s expectations.

The CWC meeting of Congress party has also taken ownership of the decision to form an alliance with Dahal’s CPN (Maoist Center), but made no pledge to renew electoral alliance with the Maoists in the next general elections.

“Our experienced leaders demonstrated their political skills carefully, bringing Nepali politics back to normalcy, even in an adverse political situation,” the NC decision says. The party adds that the move to forge an alliance with the Maoists enhanced the NC’s political reputation as well as boosted confidence of the parties involved in the coalition.  

Congress has called its ruling partnership with the Maoists and other fringe parties as “an alliance formed for a specific purpose in a specific situation.” It has called the current alliance the very foundation from which Ram Chandra Poudel, a senior NC politician, was elected the President of Nepal. 

The decisions that came out from the CWC meeting of NC, the largest party in parliament, suggest that the Dahal government has no threat from its primary coalition partner. Another coalition partner, CPN (Unified Socialist), despite showing some dissatisfaction over the budget, is also firm on its position to keep this government alive until next general elections.

This also puts an end to all the theories and conjectures regarding government change born out of several rounds of talks that the Thapa-led faction of the NC held with the main opposition, CPN-UML. 

The Thapa camp was exploring the possibility of forging an alliance with the UML, in case things did not go quite as well with the Maoists. But NC President Sher Bahadur Deuba was opposed to this idea. 

“Thapa influence in the party is very weak and Deuba was never in favor of aligning with the UML,” says political analyst Puranjan Acharya.

Amid all these developments, it is the NC that seems to be in trouble. The CWC gathering showed that the factional rift in the party is ever more widening, with general secretary duo, Thapa and Bishwa Prakash Sharma, still insistent on changing the parliamentary party leader. In other words, Thapa and Sharma are strongly opposed to the idea of Deuba becoming  prime minister for the record sixth time.   

As per the power-sharing agreement, Prime Minister Dahal will hand over the government reins to Madhav Kumar Nepal of Unified Socialist, who will in turn cede the premiership to Deuba.

It is highly unlikely that Thapa and Sharma will succeed in stopping Deuba from getting elected as the parliamentary party leader again, as the latter simply hold too much sway in the party. 

But for Prime Minister Dahal, the friction within the Congress party is enough to make him suspicious. He fears that a conspiracy is afoot to upend the current coalition. 

“Efforts are underway to create friction inside the ruling alliance as the government is fighting corruption and maintaining good governance,” Dahal said at a public function on Sunday. A few days back, Deuba and Nepal had made similar statements. It just goes to show that the parties in the ruling alliance are plagued by uncertainty regarding their unity. Deep down, the UML could somehow scupper their coalition. 

But the UML leaders say this fear is unfounded. They say the NC leadership is not ready to enter a power-sharing deal with the UML.

In a recent interview with ApEx, UML Chairman KP Sharma Oli had said that the NC is not thinking politically by refusing to consider a power-sharing agreement outside the Maoists party.  

According to Oli, the UML was not in a rush to ascend to power, though the party was in favor of forming the NC-UML government to ensure government stability. 

A senior UML leader says Deuba even refused the party’s offer of premiership.

“He is reluctant to talk with us. We think he is under external pressure to not join hands with the UML.” 

If the current ruling alliance survives, the UML is sure to remain out of power till the next elections.
Earlier, it was expected that the Dahal government’s decision to investigate and prosecute the suspects of the fake Bhutanese refugee scandal and high level corruption cases could create friction between the Maoists and the NC. Several NC and UML politicians and lawmakers, including Bal Krishna Khand and Top Bahadur Rayamajhi, were arrested in connection to the Bhutanese refugee scam. In the wake of the infamous case, several NC and UML leaders had denounced the government’s move as “selective prosecution” and “vindictive politics” launched by Prime Minister Dahal.  

UML Chairman Oli had questioned the intent of Prime Minister Dahal and called on his government to display its impartiality by opening an investigation into the alleged corruption that took place during the management of Maoists cantonments after the 2006 peace agreement. 

For many political pundits and observers, the arrests of NC and UML politicians created an environment for the two parties to come closer and take out the Maoist party from power. Things didn't pan out that way.  Political analyst Acharya says the opening of high level corruption files means more politicians from all major parties will be under scrutiny.

“The investigations into Lalita Niwas land grab case and fake Bhutanese refugee scandal have already created an unease inside all major parties,” he says. “In this scenario, there is no immediate threat to the ruling coalition.” 

External factors, if not determinant, also play a vital role in the change of government. So far, according to a ruling party leader, India is in favor of the continuation of the current coalition led by Dahal. 

“So long as Dahal enjoys the support and goodwill of India and Western powers, he has little to fear,” says the leader who spoke on condition of anonymity.

Prime Minister Dahal is set to visit China in September, and some observers say the trip will likely determine the fate of the current coalition. Ahead of Dahal’s China trip, according to multiple sources, some UML leaders have started talks with the Maoist side for the revival of the left alliance. In that case, it is the NC that needs to be worried.

But Lokraj Baral, professor of political science and former ambassador of Nepal to India, says the reason why the talks about government change is finding traction has also to do with the political history of Nepal. 

No government since the past seven decades has completed its full term. “In fact, we have recently seen that even the government with two-thirds majority cannot complete a full term. So naturally, politicians, people and analysts think that this government will not last long,” he says.

Recent calls from some lawmakers for downsizing the Nepali Army and using the money thus saved for development works have courted controversies.  

On July 11, a National Assembly member and former minister for foreign affairs, Bimala Rai Paudyal, stood in the parliament in favor of downsizing the national army while taking part in a discussion on cost-cutting measures. Paudyal reasoned that Nepal did not need a big army in times of peace and that it would be impossible for the army to defend the country against either of the two neighbors even if the need arose, while also pointing out the army had not been able to protect the borders. 

Swarnim Wagle, an economist and lawmaker from the Rastriya Swatantra Party, has also been advocating for downsizing the national army as a means to reduce pressure on the economy. Citing Sri Lanka’s example, which reduced the size of its army by a third to combat the recent recession, Wagle argued during a meeting of the House of Representatives on June 20 that Nepal should consider similar measures.

These calls from the two parliamentarians, who are also PhD scholars, have sparked a series of discussions at the national level. While these are not the first such calls, it is the first time a debate has taken place in the parliament on the matter. Discussions about the national army are not unwarranted, but they should be contextual and based on facts. A state’s policies and plans determine the size and the structure of its army, so it will be far-fetched to take the army leadership as the sole factor in this. 

Development and expansion of any institute, including the national army, takes a long time, hard work, and investment, with the concerned state’s plans and policies playing a vital role in the whole process. Therefore, demands for reduction, structural changes, or removal of responsibilities should be based on careful consideration rather than momentary impulses, even if they are coming from scholars. Instead of arguing irresponsibly (without presenting solid proof to back their arguments) and eroding the morale of the army, policymakers should focus more on enhancing the army’s capabilities.

History and the way forward

The history of the Nepali Army is closely linked with the unification of modern Nepal. Founded by King Prithvi Narayan Shah to support the unification campaign, the army has evolved into its current form. It has a rich history of engaging in various wars and is considered the most experienced army in South Asia in terms of war experience. The army has played an important role in the Nepal-Tibet War, Nepal-China War, the war with East India Company (Anglo-Nepal War), quelling the unrest in Hyderabad at the request of India, ending the Indian Sepoy Mutiny as well as ending the Khampa conflict within the country and in controlling the 10-year Maoist insurgency. Apart from maintaining peace, the army is adept at military diplomacy. Helping the country overcome critical situations like the blockade along with the import of vaccines and health materials from neighboring and friendly countries during the pandemic are vivid examples of military diplomacy. Its important role in life and death situations like natural disasters and epidemics has not gone unnoticed. 

Internal or external crises are not something that can be predicted. That is why, the army must stand ready to deal with potential emergencies even during peacetime. Commendable work of the army during earthquakes, tornadoes, pandemics, floods, landslides, and fires demonstrates its significance in crisis situations. 

As underlined above, the army has different roles to play in different parts of Nepal and beyond. NA soldiers serve in the United Nations’ peacekeeping missions, provide security to infrastructure, guard national parks, conduct search and rescue missions during natural disasters and play different roles in development projects as per government directives. Therefore, before debating the number of soldiers required in Nepal, it is essential to understand the organizational structure of the army. On the other hand, while the situation of unemployment and youth migration is dire, young people are getting jobs and serving the country. Contrary to the expert MPs’ argument, the state’s investment in the army has not gone waste.

Of course, debates about the army are necessary. But such debates should not lower the morale of the army or weaken its structure. Rather, the debates should focus on making the army more and more capable by developing world-class military technologies and competing in the fields of information and technology. Policy-level discussions should explore the possibility of creating more jobs within the military structure so as to reduce the outmigration of young people. 

Summing up, those responsible for running the state should effectively mobilize available resources and explore sustainable resources for the future rather than advocating for the destruction of existing state structures in the pretext of an economic crisis.

I used to frown upon parboiled rice when I was a young lad; honestly, I couldn’t stand it, nor did everybody in the family. Beggars can’t be choosers; we had to eat the rice since my dad, a diabetic, ordered the stuff, and whatever he said stood as sacrosanct then.

The smell, or rather, the stink, turned me off. When cooked, the disgusting odor permeated every nook and cranny of the house. That was way back in the 1960s, and the same parboiled rice was rationed to the lower echelon of the army and police cadets, to their utter dislike, too.

Times have changed, however. In the later years, the parboiled rice no longer carried that obnoxious smell and taste close to white rice, surprisingly, with better nutrient values. I switched from white rice to parboiled for over six years since it turned out friendlier to my glycemic index. Compared to white rice, it has a distinct odor as it’s steamed along with the paddy husk, but in no way offensive like it used to be in the earlier days. 

I went for the parboiled rice primarily because I’m a diabetic. Hold on. It does not hint at a no-go for non-diabetics, though. Parboiled rice bears fewer calories and carbohydrates but more fiber and protein than refined and polished white rice. That makes it a healthier alternative to traditional white rice. And food science backs it.

Given that rice is a mainstay of our daily diet, I decided to delve into its nutritional properties vis-à-vis white rice, which is more commonly consumed and preferred. Concerning nutrition, the findings established their edge over their white counterparts. To begin with, a little lowdown on the parboiled rice would be well-founded.

Regarding white rice, following de-husking in the mill, the paddy turns into white rice. Next, it goes through the final polishing measures. This process rids the rice of its layer of bran and the germ; consequently, much of its nutrition, including fiber, vitamins, and minerals, is lost, mainly leaving the starchy endosperm (the heart of the rice kernel).  

In contrast, parboiled rice, also known as converted rice, with a slight yellow hue, commonly consumed in Asian and African countries, undergoes three stages in the mill, such as soaking, steaming, drying, and finally de-husking. This process reduces its starch content, producing cultured grains that are less sticky and fluffier than white rice when cooked and, unlike white rice, shy of getting clumpy when stored in the refrigerator and reheated.  

The parboiling of paddy retains its micronutrients contained in the bran, which get usually displaced in white rice during whitening. This unique process preserves the parboiled rice’s natural vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber, producing a nutrient-dense grain with better health benefits than refined white rice. Studies have shown parboiled rice boasts nearly twofold the amount of vitamins as against white or brown rice.

Nepal, India, or for that matter, all of East and Southeast Asia depend upon rice as a staple diet. Did you know about 50 percent of the world’s paddy production goes under parboiling, with close to 75 percent in India alone? The upside of parboiling is that it helps prolong rice storage, reduce broken grain, increase head rice yield, and reduce nutritional loss during the milling process. 

For potential health benefits, let’s scrutinize why parboiled rice has an edge over white rice. Parboiled rice packs nearly double the dietary fiber compared to white rice. And it's an exceptional source of niacin, thiamine, and magnesium and a moderate source of protein, iron, and zinc—thus securing the drop on white rice. 

Gut health

Healthy bacteria, or probiotics, help restore the natural balance of bacteria in our gut, like the stomach, small/large intestines, and rectum, to name a few. The starch content in parboiled rice functions as a prebiotic or resistant starch and promotes the growth of beneficial intestinal microorganisms in our bodies. 

Besides, it encourages the growth of healthy bacteria, or probiotics, in our guts, which benefits our overall health. Parboiled rice (partially cooked) before milling is lighter and easier to digest than white and brown rice. 

A safer option for diabetics

Studies have shown that parboiled rice has a lower impact on blood sugar levels compared to white rice and brown rice. Accredited dietitians and nutritionists maintain parboiled rice’s low glycemic index at 38, scoring lower than brown rice at 47 and white rice at 89 (source: Harvard Health Publications). 

That factor aids in checking sudden blood sugar spikes and helps improve insulin sensitivity, benefitting type-2 people with diabetes. There is more—refrigerated parboiled rice, or the leftovers, eaten after heating even lessens the impact on blood sugar levels.

When people with type 2 diabetes ate about 1 1/8 cups (185 grams) of cooked parboiled rice after fasting overnight, their increase in blood sugar was 35 percent less than when they ate the same amount of regular white rice (healthline.com).

Benign to hypertension 

Food science advocates that one cup of parboiled rice meets the daily dose of calcium, potassium, iron, and manganese required by our body. The rich manganese content helps lower blood pressure and reduces the risk of heart attacks. (timesofindia.indiatimes.com). 

As a balanced diet, parboiled rice is an intelligent choice for those who strive to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Its low-fat and zero-cholesterol quality offers a heart-healthy eating regimen. 

Boosts immune system

Loaded with antioxidants and phytonutrients, the high content of anthocyanins present in parboiled rice helps reduce inflammation and the risk of cancer. 

When all is said and done about the nitty-gritty of parboiled rice, switching to it could be a healthier option than other types of rice.   

Disclaimer: The views expressed in the above text are solely research-based; the author solicits reader discretion and cross-reference

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Gold smuggling has heavily impacted Nepal’s legal gold trade. Traders pay around Rs 1.25m customs duty while importing a kilogram of gold. Smuggled gold hitting the market means legal traders like us can’t compete with illegal ones as smuggled gold comes cheap and entails a huge profit margin. It not only kills healthy competition but also hits the revenues.

During festive and marriage seasons, Nepal’s daily gold demand surges to 30-35 kg against the import of 10 kg. Not filling this demand-supply gap is akin to letting smugglers have a free rein.

The government should ensure the availability of gold as per the demand in the domestic market. 

While traders stay in serpentine queues for hours to get a gram of gold, smugglers readily supply gold in required quantities. As the government is silent on this matter, we have no option but to leave Nepal seeking a better future.

The author is president of  Federation of Nepal Gold and Silver Dealers’ Association