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Days after Elon Musk, who is heading the US Department of Government Efficiency, announced a series of expenditures, including $39m allocated for Nepal, US President Donald Trump backed him saying that support to Nepal’s fiscal federalism is a fraud. 

The Elon Musk-led Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) took to X on Sunday to announce that it has canceled the funding to be received by Nepal among several other nations. Nepal was set to receive $20m for fiscal federalism and $19m for biodiversity conservation. These funds were among several global aid allocations that have now been scrapped, including $40m for gender equality programs and $47m for improving learning outcomes in Asia. US President Donald Trump painted Elon Musk as his enforcer-in-chief Tuesday, hailing the tech billionaire’s zeal in implementing the blizzard of executive orders the president has issued since returning to office. In a joint interview broadcast on Fox News, the two men spent substantial time singing the other’s praises and dismissing concerns that Trump is overstepping his executive powers.

Trump has signed scores of executive directives in the past three weeks, many of which have been challenged in the courts as potentially unconstitutional. Billionaire Musk, who was Trump’s top donor during his 2024 presidential campaign, was tasked with leading the newly-created Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), with the declared goal of rooting out “waste, fraud and abuse” in federal spending.

“One of the biggest functions of the DOGE team is just making sure that the presidential executive orders are actually carried out,” Musk told Fox News. In the interview, Trump insisted his policies–including a wholesale onslaught on federal institutions–should be implemented without delay and said Musk was instrumental in pushing them forward.

“You write an executive order and you think it’s done, you send it out, it doesn’t get done. It doesn’t get implemented,” Trump said. He added that Musk and the DOGE team have now become an enforcement mechanism within the federal bureaucracy to enact his administration’s agenda without anyone standing in their way—or else risk losing their jobs. And some guy that maybe didn’t want to do it, all of a sudden, he’s signing it,” Trump said.

Earlier this year, Nepal adopted its National Action Plan (NAP) on Business and Human Rights. This NAP was launched by the government of Nepal, Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Security (MoLESS) in collaboration with the UNDP and supported by the governments of Japan and Norway. This is Nepal’s most substantial implementation on a national scale since the United Nations Guiding Principles (UNGPs) on Business and Human Rights were formally endorsed by the UN Human Rights Council in 2011. This ambitious five-year plan (2024-2028) aims to integrate human rights into Nepal’s economic development strategy, aligning with the UNGP’s 31 principles on governmental and corporate responsibilities to prevent and address business-related human rights concerns and issues. However, while this move is significant, it is essential to specifically address the challenges in the high-altitude mountaineering and adventure tourism sectors, where human rights issues remain a pressing concern. Looking forward, it is essential for Nepali businesses to implement human rights standards with active collaboration between the government and civil society.

BHR safety risk

Business and Human Rights (BHR) issues in Nepal are deeply entrenched in industries like adventure tourism, where structural inequalities and weak regulatory frameworks often expose vulnerable local populations on potential risks of human rights issues. The high-altitude mountaineering sector, for instance, showcases stark examples of these challenges. Indigenous Nepali workers, including guides and porters, form the backbone of this industry, yet they are disproportionately subjected to challenging working conditions, low wages and limited access to safety measures on training or equipment. Nearly half of all fatalities on Sagarmatha have been Nepali workers, highlighting the life-threatening risks they endure while facilitating the ambitions of international climbers. These figures fail to capture the many more who suffer life-long injuries, frostbite or post-traumatic stress from their work.

Those identified potential risks of these workers are compounded by cross-border employment practices, where international Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) often operate through local tour operators, distancing themselves from direct accountability for workers’ rights. This disconnect not only allows the perpetuation of unfair labor practices but also undermines the development of systemic solutions, such as robust safety standards and equitable profit-sharing mechanisms. Inadequate governmental oversight exacerbates this issue, leaving workers vulnerable to risks would not only enhance the sustainability of the world-renowned Nepali tourism sectors but also affirm the fundamental rights of Nepali workers, fostering greater equity and resilience in the industry.

National action plan

Nepali stakeholders, including civil society organizations (CSOs), business groups, academics and the media, are advocating for a participatory, transparent and accountable approach to the National Action Plan (NAP) on Business and Human Rights (BHR). Their key recommendations include:

• Inclusive process: Involve diverse groups, particularly those directly affected, and adopt the UN’s 15-step model developed by the UN Working Group on Business & Human Rights (UNWG).
• Transparency and accessibility: Ensure draft documents from agencies and businesses are made publicly available, offer platforms for feedback, and provide accessible mechanisms for redress.
• Alignment with international standards: National laws should align with international human rights norms, focusing on labor, indigenous, and gender rights.
• Integration with global frameworks: Ensure that the recently adopted NAP aligns with global initiatives, including the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement on climate change at a local level.
• Effective monitoring system: Develop a targeted implementation plan and system focused on mountaineering and adventure tourism, incorporating periodic reviews led by the Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Security (MoLESS). Ensure the active participation of industry representatives, civil society organizations, local guides’ union and affected communities, in the planning and evaluation process.

Lessons from global practices

Many Western countries are pushing for stronger measures to tackle modern slavery and improve business practices. Global pressure from investors and new regulatory frameworks are encouraging stricter human rights standards, including mandatory Human Rights Due Diligence (HRDD). This year, the European Union introduced a directive requiring large companies to address human rights and environmental impacts in their operations and supply chains. It includes mandates for due diligence policies, risk assessments and climate transition plans, with penalties like hefty fines and civil liability for non-compliance. These developments are expected to inspire similar measures in other regions.

In contrast, Nepal faces hurdles in implementing binding regulations for human rights in tourism supply chains. Current strategies emphasize voluntary guidelines over mandatory requirements, which may encourage some businesses to adopt human rights disclosures. However, the non-binding nature of these measures risks inconsistent implementation by businesses, potentially limiting their impact on ensuring widespread adherence to human rights standards in business practices.

Way forward 

Nepal’s adoption of a NAP on BHR marks a vital step in promoting human rights in business practices. To advance further, Nepal should draw lessons from global efforts transitioning from soft law guidelines to mandatory, state-enforced Human Rights Due Diligence (HRDD) laws. Binding regulations that require companies to address human rights risks are too early to judge whether they are effective in driving accountability and systemic change, however, it is important for the government to take an active role in promoting businesses to respect BHR according to global UNGP standards. Instead of merely adopting Western-centric models, Nepal can tailor these approaches to its unique context, starting with a sector-specific focus.

Proper enforcement of Nepal’s NAP on BHR within mountaineering and tourism is essential. Effective implementation of NAP in these areas would ensure critical safeguards such as fair wages, safety training and equitable working conditions. However, a practical strategy could possibly involve piloting binding human rights laws in key industries like mountaineering and tourism, where vulnerable workers face some of the most severe risks. This pilot approach would allow Nepal to enforce critical safeguards, such as fair wages, safety training and equitable working conditions, while gradually building the capacity for broader implementation. By leading with tourism—a sector central to its economy and global identity—Nepal can demonstrate its commitment to protecting human rights while fostering sustainable business practices. This targeted enforcement would serve as a model for extending binding BHR regulations to other sectors in the future.

Shining a spotlight on the Business and Human Rights (BHR) aspects of Nepal’s iconic mountaineering and trekking industry, while addressing the different issues of indigenous workers, is crucial. This approach emphasizes Nepal’s commitment to BHR as an essential framework for achieving the SDGs, promoting UN charters and ensuring better livelihoods for the backbone of its mountaineering sector.

In our society, humor often serves as a mask, allowing people to navigate uncomfortable topics. However, when it comes to casual jokes about rape, sexual violence, or harassment, the consequences can be deeply harmful. These jokes are not isolated incidents; they are part of a broader cultural pattern that has normalized hurtful humor for far too long.

The so-called rape culture refers to a societal environment where sexual violence is trivialized, excused, or even normalized. It encompasses a range of beliefs and practices that perpetuate sexual objectification, the use of misogynistic language, victim-blaming, and the minimization of severity. The language of rape culture is woven into our everyday conversations—whether in casual chats among friends, jokes on social media, family gatherings, or even catcalling on the streets. These offensive remarks don’t occur in the shadows; they happen in broad daylight, often glorified or dismissed as harmless.

Societal structure

We live in a society where rape and sexual violence are compared to clapping hands—as if it takes two to tango. This mindset denies the reality that it is never the victim’s choice to be victimized; it is always the abuser’s choice to abuse. Yet, victims are often chewed up, spat out, and left to fend for themselves, while abusers are excused, justified, and even condoned. Common comments like, “She was asking for it with that outfit,” “She’s too pretty to be single,” or “She must have lots of guys after her,” reveal how deeply ingrained these attitudes are. Such statements tie women’s worth to male attention and objectification, showing how easily harmful humor is accepted and how poorly we understand sexual assault.

These jokes and comments are not just words—they have lasting impacts on the mind, spirit, and body. For some, they may seem like a minute of laughter, but for others, they can lead to lifelong trauma, feelings of shame, guilt, fear, and isolation. The problem lies not in the joke itself, but in its normalization. Every time someone cracks a rape joke and others laugh along, it sends a message that sexual assault is something to be joked about—something acceptable, even funny. This normalization creates an environment where victims are less likely to report incidents or speak up, fearing societal judgment and backlash. It’s crucial to remember that it is not the victim’s responsibility to fix these situations; it is society’s responsibility to create an environment where victims are believed, supported, and not judged. No one asks for or deserves such violence.

Negative side of social media

In the modern era, social media plays a significant role in shaping societal attitudes and perceptions. Unfortunately, it also perpetuates the language of rape culture—whether through memes, posts joking about sexual violence, derogatory terms in online conversations, or influencers who trivialize these issues. Movies and TV shows often depict sexual violence as a plot twist or something unserious, reinforcing stereotypes of masculinity and femininity. Women are portrayed as soft, dependent, and vulnerable, while men are shown as powerful and entitled to women’s bodies. Social media often blames victims for assaults based on their behavior or appearance, making character assassination and slut-shaming easier than ever. This has created a toxic influence on society, further entrenching harmful norms.

Nepal and so-called rape culture

In Nepal, a country built on a patriarchal social structure, women are often placed in subordinate positions, limiting their power and autonomy. Men are frequently portrayed as inherently predatory, while women are depicted as passive or overly sexualized. This dynamic has made it easier to adopt misogynistic language and behaviors. The caste system further complicates the issue, as marginalized groups face disproportionately higher risks of violence and often lack social support. According to the Nepal Police Headquarters Annual Fact Sheet for the fiscal year 2023/24, 3,441 cases of sexual violence were registered. Despite strict laws against rape and sexual violence under the Muluki Criminal Code (2074), enforcement remains inconsistent. The traces of rape culture in Nepal are evident, whether in the form of historical societal norms or today’s casual jokes and humor.

Solutions

As we navigate our daily interactions, it’s high time to recognize the power of language and the impact of our words. To challenge harmful jokes, we must speak out when we hear someone trivializing rape or making offensive comments. We need to stand firm against inappropriate humor and actively promote consent and respect. Encouraging jokes that empower rather than hurt can foster an environment where everyone feels safe and valued. Social media can be a powerful tool for activism, raising awareness, and providing a safe space for survivors to share their stories, rather than a platform for bullying or perpetuating harmful stereotypes.

Let’s critically analyze the jokes we tell and hear, breaking down the everyday language of rape culture. By doing so, we can create a society where respect and empathy prevail, and where no one has to endure the trauma of being silenced or shamed.

BR Gems, RB Diamonds, and Classic Diamond—three synonymous names in Nepal’s diamond industry—are all the brainchild of Babu Raja Maharjan, who currently serves as the chairperson of Classic Diamond. His younger brothers, Amir and Samir, have also been in the business for around 25 years. Classic Diamond, focused on establishing itself as a leading brand, regularly organizes the Timeless Paragon Jewelry Fashion Show (TPJFS). The fifth season of TPJFS is set for Feb 24, followed by an exhibition, Elite Collection 2025, from Feb 25 to March 3. ApEx spoke with Amir Maharjan, Managing Director of Classic Diamond. Excerpts:

What inspired Classic Diamond to organize TPJFS?

The jewelry industry is centuries old. Many were engaged in the business, but no one was truly working to build a brand in Nepal. That’s why, through Classic Diamond, we set out to change this in 2006. We introduced new initiatives, such as establishing high-end manufacturing facilities in Nepal, launching customer retention schemes, and adopting modern marketing strategies like publishing flyers. This gave us exposure, but we wanted a more refined way to showcase our products. That’s when we conceptualized the TPJFS. Seeing models wear and display real jewelry allows clients to visualize how the pieces look when worn.

The first season of TPJFS took place in 2010, featuring Indian actress Minissha Lamba. In 2012, we held the second season with Zeenat Aman, followed by the third in 2014 with Sushmita Sen. The success of these shows motivated us, as they significantly boosted our business and brand recognition. The fourth edition in 2017 featured Manisha Koirala. Now, we are all set for the fifth season, with Lara Dutta and other renowned figures from the fashion industry. This show remains the best platform to showcase our jewelry. These shows also help people become more conscious of the value and visibility of the brand.

This year, the show features Lara Dutta and other renowned figures from the fashion industry. How do such high-profile collaborations help the brand’s presence?

It’s human nature that when we see others wearing something, we get inspired and want to wear the same. This is especially true when celebrities or high-profile individuals set trends. Bringing a former Miss Universe like Lara Dutta gives our products significant exposure. Dutta is not only an actress but also an inspiring and intelligent woman—a true example of women’s empowerment. Her endorsement of our jewelry is immensely valuable for our brand. And, we believe that the personality she carries truly matches our brand objectives and thus we have chosen her to walk on the ramp wearing our crown.

What makes Elite Collection 2025 special and how does it stand apart from previous collections?

In this year’s collection, we have focused extensively on design because there is currently a trend of low-quality designs in the market. With this collection, we aim to show our customers what true quality in design and product looks like. Jewelry should be state-of-the-art, prominent, long-lasting, and built with solid craftsmanship. This collection features a blend of wedding, casual, and office-wear jewelry. Additionally, we are offering a 25 percent discount off the factory price. The market is highly competitive, and while the discount helps, it is the quality that truly matters. This time, we have kept the profit margin to a minimum, with the sole vision of showing our clients what actual hand-made jewelry looks like.

Many people aren’t aware that high-quality products are available in Nepal. There is a significant amount of cross-border business in this industry. However, with this collection and scheme, we aim to show our customers that we offer the best products in Nepal.

How has your brand evolved over time and how do you see the future of this industry?

When we started, the jewelry market in Nepal was dominated by imports from India. Back then, after receiving training in India and Hong Kong, we noticed that there were no proper manufacturing facilities and expertise in Nepal. However, we saw a huge opportunity and potential, which led us to start our own brand. At the time, the industry followed a traditional model, with two or three workers in a jewelry shop. We, however, established a manufacturing factory with the goal of ensuring clients wouldn’t have to go outside of Nepal to buy jewelry. This would not only benefit the market but also keep money within the country, generate employment, and ensure quality. 

It has been solely driven by family unity and values that helped us grow so far. Our major family members have also gained expertise in precious gemstones and innovative design and aesthetics. 

Initially, since people were accustomed to going to India for their jewelry, it was challenging for us. But over time, we managed to establish our presence. We also educated people that buying jewelry in Nepal would make after-sales service much easier. Slowly, we were able to break that trend. 

As for the future of the industry, it’s very bright. If the government provides more support, there’s immense potential. Currently, there is a shortage of raw materials and difficulties with importing and exporting. While we have a large market abroad, export challenges prevent us from reaching our full potential. Classic Diamond alone can export jewelry worth $6-7m annually, which would not only help generate foreign currency but also contribute to employment and improve the nation’s financial situation. However, the government’s support is crucial. In many countries, exporters receive benefits when importing raw materials, based on the amount they export, but there is no such provision in Nepal.

How do you balance tradition with modern aesthetics in your jewelry designs?

Today’s clients are largely inspired by designs from abroad. However, we put significant effort into our designs and do not directly copy others. Designs are the core competencies of Classic Diamond. Even when clients request replicated designs, we incorporate our own modifications. Additionally, we create original designs. Over the past three years, we have developed 3,000 new designs and many of them will also be showcased at the Elite Collection 2025.

What measures does Classic Diamond take to enhance customer satisfaction and build lasting relationships?

We have sustained our business primarily through exceptional customer service. We don’t view customers solely from a business perspective but strive to make them part of our family. In jewelry, both financial and emotional aspects are intertwined, making this connection essential. We ensure customers receive the best products. In some cases, we have remade items even when customers were satisfied but we felt they didn’t meet our standards. Every product undergoes quality control before reaching the customer. Additionally, we offer a 10 percent return policy, free exchanges, free cleaning, and free maintenance.

With showrooms in New Road, Pulchowk and in the US, do you have plans for further expansion within Nepal or internationally?

In the near future, we are expanding with two more stores in the US, bringing the total to five. In Nepal, we will soon be opening a store in Pokhara. We would like to reach out to as many jewelry enthusiasts as possible and also to take our sophisticated craftsmanship to the bigger marketplace.