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If you plan to read one book this summer, please let it be ‘Lessons in Chemistry’ by Bonnie Garmus. It’s such a delight. You will laugh. You will cry. You will jump with joy. You will vow to live life on your own terms and be you, unabashedly so. I absolutely loved this book. I couldn’t put it down. A couple of times, I even hugged it while going to bed. It just made me feel so good and positive about life.

Studded with a dazzling cast, ‘Lessons in Chemistry’ is set in the early 1960s when women scientists were unheard of. Elizabeth Zott is a chemist but she’s not your ‘average woman’. In fact, Elizabeth believes there is no such thing as an average woman.

But the place she works at—the Hastings Research Institute—doesn’t believe in equality. Her boss makes life extremely difficult for her. However, hope comes in the form of the brilliant Nobel-Prize-nominated scientist Calvin Evans who, like her, doesn’t think gender has anything to do with how smart you are. The two fall in love and their relationship isn’t your ‘average’ relationship. It’s a coming together of two great minds.

But life is unpredictable and Elizabeth ends up as a single mother and a reluctant star of a cooking show, Supper at Six. She doesn’t just tell you to put salt and vinegar. It’s sodium chloride and acetic acid, much to the chagrin of the producers who tell her she must be more ladylike. Her viewers think otherwise. They love the show and feel empowered by the way Elizabeth tells them to take charge of their lives while teaching them to cook delicious dishes. This infuriates men and even certain women who believe women have a dutiful place in society and shouldn’t challenge the norms.

‘Lessons in Chemistry’, which is about an exceptional woman struggling to make her place in a man’s world, is basically an exploration of gender discrimination. But it’s also about the essence of love and how your passion—towards work and life—can save you from the depths of despair.

Fiction

https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/57684325-lessons-in-chemistry 

Lessons in Chemistry

Bonnie Garmus

Published: 2022

Publisher: Penguin Random House

Pages: 390, Paperback

Preeti Kaur, 42, is a Nepali pop singer. In the 2000s, she was well-known for her vocals. She started her career in 2004 and has ever since been a part of the Nepali music industry. To date, she has released more than a dozen songs and albums.

Her interest in music started when she was a child and she came across the songs of Mariah Carey, an American singer and songwriter. “I had her poster, but I realized who she was only after hearing her songs on MTV, a music channel that was hugely popular back in the 90s and 2000s,” she says. Kaur listened to her songs on repeat and tried to imitate the singer’s vocals whenever she could. 

Listening to Mariah Carey made her want to learn Western classical music, but there were no courses offered at the time. So she eventually turned to Eastern classical music. Her professional career began after winning the Shikhar Beat Contest. That, she says, was the starting point of her career. 

She was approached for numerous projects and had the opportunity to perform on stage with a variety of bands, including Nepsiders, Nirnaya, 1974 AD, and Prasna. ‘Dherai Palta’ was the first song she released. It was recorded in one take. She says this song established her position in the Nepali music industry. 

Despite the love and attention she was receiving, she claims she was unsatisfied. Even though she was an established artist at the time, she wanted new experiences. In 2010, she moved to Mumbai in India in search of more opportunities. In three years, she did land up as a background vocalist for the movie ‘Besharam’. But she found it quite challenging to build her reputation from scratch so she decided to return. 

Upon her return to Nepal, she decided to take some time off. Nevertheless, she continued teaching music classes while continuing her musical studies. In response to a request from a friend, in 2015 she uploaded her song ‘Bellydancer’ on YouTube, a month before the devastating Nepal earthquakes. She then released ‘Timrai Lagi’ in 2017 and its studio version in 2021. Since then, she has been working nonstop to bring out new tunes.

Kaur doesn’t focus on a specific genre.  Instead, she experiments a lot. “Everything happens randomly,” she says. She and her band composed songs and melodies for the Shikhar Beat Contest audition in just around 15 minutes. Likewise, influenced by Etta James, an American singer,  ‘Timrai Lagi’ is one of her personal favorites. She views music as an original creation without rigid limitations. “There are no rules. You can take a lot of creative liberties,” says Kaur.

A few months back, she released a new song that differs significantly from her previous releases. It’s a Teej song called ‘Dhalki Dhalki’. She likes her new work and says that working on it was both tough and thrilling. She claims her husband, Kamal Raj Bhatta, inspired her to come up with the song. Kaur credits him for the unwavering motivation he provides at every step of her life. He is a constant cheerleader, she says. 

“Things were a lot easier when I started. Now, an artist’s popularity is influenced by digital trends and it’s just hard to keep up,” she says. She also took a 10-year break from social media, which, in hindsight, she can see has negatively impacted her career. “It’s a bit difficult to catch up with the trends,” says Kaur. Nevertheless, she considers the challenge her opportunity for resurrection in the music world. She is adamant to do what it takes to make a comeback of sorts and become a household name. 

She is currently working on recreating her old song ‘Parewa ko Jodi’, combining it with her own Punjabi folk song. Realizing her tunes must keep up with the changing times, she is trying to weave elements the audience loves into her music.

But what she really wants to do is create music that captures the cultural diversity of Nepal. For now, she’s focused on relaunching herself with the band ‘Pretty & The Boyz’.

A vital form of diplomacy, economic diplomacy is the full spectrum of economic tools of any country to safeguard its national interest. Broadly, it executes ‘rules for economic relations between states’ at the international level by employing economic resources, either as rewards or sanctions, in pursuit of a particular foreign policy objective. 

Different agencies of government play a vital role in international economic diplomacy apart from non-state actors such as non-government organizations (NGOs), businesses and investors. 

The phrase economic diplomacy is a combination of economic and diplomacy, therefore, the foundation of economic diplomacy is taken as economic theories and diplopic political theories (Pokharel 2014). Of late, economic diplomacy has become a prominent activity in the diplomacy of nation states and international organizations. Take India, for our neighbor India, which has been using economic diplomacy as a core component of its foreign policy.

Economic diplomacy has become the primary means of penetrating the world market, where economic aspirations like foreign assistance, foreign employment, foreign investment (direct or porthole) and foreign trade and tourism are pursued through diplomatic skills. 

Economic diplomacy is also an indispensable instrument for securing Nepal’s foreign policy objectives and economic development. At present, the government engages in economic diplomacy/development at three levels—bilateral, regional and multilateral. Nepal needs to focus on facilitating trade and business investment by promoting domestic tourist destinations through high-tech means like the use of new science and technology tools.

A least developed, sovereign and independent country, Nepal is lagging behind in the race for development. If used skillfully, foreign policy (with main thrust on economic diplomacy) can speed up the national development process as conventional diplomacy has failed to deliver, by and large. At present, we are facing a volatile economy and unstable political situation, which demands using diplomacy as eyes and ears in the national interest. 

Our current economic indicators have laid bare several flaws in capital endowment, slacking foreign trade, diminishing exports and increasing imports and mostly ineffective implementation of policies.

According to World Bank (2019), Nepal’s export of goods and services was 8.93 percent of GDP while import of goods and services was 42.38 percent in 2019. In such a situation, the government needs to promote exports by exploring potential actors and factors. This can be achieved by mobilizing Nepali diaspora, encouraging private sector investors and prioritizing different trade and export promotion agencies. 

Notably, we have failed to welcome FDI due to an unstable political situation, illiberal policies and investor insecurity. These issues need to be addressed as soon as possible. As we know, components of economic diplomacy have a greater impact and crucial role in strengthening the national economy. 

For achieving desired economic growth, Nepal should conduct its diplomacy by expanding its missions to attract investments. In addition, Nepal needs to introduce investment-friendly Acts and other legal provisions for the creation of a favorable environment for foreign investors and donors.  

In this globalized, liberalized and competitive global market, Nepal needs to be very skillful to pursue effective diplomacy with other nations. It is obvious that none of the states in this globalized world can escape from economic interdependence, so economic diplomacy has become the unavoidable reality of the 21st century in international relations. Nepal should explore opportunities and challenges, and prioritize the issues on execution procedure.

But a number of experts point out that Nepal has not accorded due priority to economic diplomacy.  

Bishwambher Pyakuryal, former ambassador and economist, says economic diplomacy is highly affected by a country’s foreign policy. According to him, the government of Nepal has not taken this form of diplomacy as seriously as it should. As for the way out, he says structural changes are necessary in our diplomacy. 

Purushottam Ojha, a former commerce secretary, says, “Economic diplomacy is vital for promoting national economic interests like trade, commerce, investment, tourism, migration, aid and investment.” But our economic diplomacy and diplomats have failed to protect economic interests.

FDI promotion should focus on enhancing economic development. In line with this, diplomatic missions need to focus on attracting more assistance in Nepal’s priority areas like infrastructure development, employment generation, capacity building and so on. Economic diplomacy should be able to create an environment that is welcoming and friendly for businesses. 

Nepal can learn and adopt different forms of economic diplomacy from different nations. For instance, Switzerland’s strong and effective economic diplomacy has enabled its agency based in Geneva to conduct nearly two-thirds of the United Nations’ business activities. Japan’s foreign policy is aimed at strengthening economic diplomacy as a means of driving economic growth, which is very supportive of overseas business expansion and developing collaboration with diplomatic missions. 

On the contrary, we still struggle in trade diplomacy with neighboring countries, leading to a yawning trade deficit each year. Diplomats must be mobilized and foreign missions expanded to address such issues. 

Coordinated diplomacy between several ministries, including the foreign ministry, as well as private and civil societies is crucial, with the main focus on economic diplomacy. 

Policymakers need to find ways to attract foreign investment and increase export strategy and other forms of economically beneficial exchanges where Nepal enjoys a comparative advantage. Our diplomats and overseas missions must acquire a new global strategy and new skills to make diplomacy effective. Improving managerial capacity, acquiring new knowledge and negotiation skills are a prerequisite for economic diplomacy. 

Economic diplomacy involves using diplomatic skills with economic tools for advancing and achieving the country’s economic and strategic goals. A serious lack of policy coordination among stakeholders for pursuing economic diplomacy has affected the conduct of diplomacy.

Against this backdrop, every concerned agency, including the Foreign Ministry and other government entities like the Ministry of Finance, National Planning Commission, Ministry of Commerce and Supplies, Ministry of Tourism, and Trade Promotion Center should be equally involved in promoting economic diplomacy on a broad level.

Waste management in Kathmandu Valley is a big problem. It generates 1,200 metric tonnes of solid waste everyday, where only a few gets recycled. More than 700 metric tonnes of solid waste end up at Banchare Danda landfill site, with around 300 garbage trucks dumping waste there on a daily basis. 

The purpose of the landfill, initially, was for the disposal of solid waste that can neither be recycled. That amounts to around 30 percent of the total waste the valley generates. But sadly, that’s not the case. From degradable to non-degradable waste, everything is disposed of at Banchare Danda landfill site.

There are municipalities like Waling (Syangja) and Tilottama (Rupandehi) that have done a commendable job in managing their solid waste. Their waste management sites do not even emit foul smells. Dhundi Raj Pathak, solid waste management expert, says that the same kind of management can be replicated in the Kathmandu Metropolitan City (KMC). “All we need to do is replicate the same mechanism on a larger scale, and the first place to start would be to ask every household to segregate their waste into degradables and non-biodegradables.” 

Around two years back, KMC had asked Kathmandu’s households to segregate their waste before dumping it in a garbage truck. A fine of Rs 500 was also imposed. Pathak says the initiation was good, but the problem was on how the city workers handled the segregated waste. Everything got dumped into the same garbage truck and ended up in landfills despite segregation. Eventually, people stopped segregating their household waste. 

What Kathmandu needs right now is a proper plan for the disposal of segregated waste, that can be brought into implementation as quickly as possible. For that, the city authority needs to convince every household to segregate their waste. 

KMC Spokesperson Nabin Manandhar says they are already on it. “We will be running awareness campaigns and training in every ward to segregate and collect waste.” 

This time, he adds, the city will not be imposing fines. 

“The plan is to achieve zero waste within Kathmandu,” says Manandhar. “We have completed a one year study on managing solid waste, and we are planning to create a model where every waste material is utilized.” 

There is a plan to convert organic waste into manure and biogas, and sell the dry waste to recyclers. Furthermore, the city is also planning to convert some of the dry waste into coal that can be used in brick and cement factories. To manage biodegradable waste, the city is planning to set up a plant at its garbage collection center in Teku. The facility will convert organic waste into fertilizers and biogas. 

“We can’t say when this plan will be operational, but we have taken the starting steps,” says Manandhar. 

Waste collected from Kathmandu Valley, Kakani, and Banepa end up at Banchare Danda landfill site. Rabin Man Shrestha, chief of KMC’s Environment Management Department, says if each municipality, including the ones in Kathmandu, takes responsibility for the waste they produce, it would be easier for the city to manage the waste. 

“It’s always the Kathmandu Metropolitan City that gets blamed for the situation at Sisdol and Banchare Danda, when there are other municipalities contributing to the problem,” he says. 

He claims 55 percent of the total waste generated in the city will be managed once the plan to convert organic wastes into fertilizer and biogas is realized.  

There are no plans to manage non-degradable waste though. In 2013, the KMC  had invited a tender for the management of non-degradable waste. No one applied. Over the years, the KMC officials have also taken several foreign cities to better understand how they are managing their solid waste. They gathered a lot of knowledge about waste management, but the city never took the step to implement that knowledge.  

“The plans are limited to the paper. For things to progress, the tender process that the city activated a decade ago must conclude,” says Pathak, the solid waste management expert. “Only then, the city could start by setting up a material recovery facility to segregate non-degradable waste before selling it to independent buyers or recyclers.” 

If the plans were to be put in action immediately, Pathak believes that the facilities needed for solid waste management can be up and running in approximately three years. 

“We don’t need any pilot programs to test, because we  have had multiple tests already,” he says.